![]() ![]() Computed tomography angiography (CTA), a procedure where contrast dye is placed intravenously (IV) and then used by the CT scanner to create the images of blood vessels.Conventional angiography, a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. ![]() If the patient’s symptoms improve once the anesthetic has taken effect (meaning the nerves and blood vessels are no longer compressed), the person is likely to be diagnosed with TOS. When the muscle relaxes, allowing the first rib to drop, it opens up the space within the thoracic outlet. During the procedure, an anesthetic is injected into the scalene muscle, which connects to the first rib. Scalene muscle blocks are often used to determine whether a person has TOS and, if so, whether they would respond well to surgery.Scripps physicians can diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome using one or more of the following tests: The most important first step in treating TOS is getting a proper diagnosis by vascular surgeons who are familiar with the disorders and can properly distinguish TOS from other medical conditions that cause similar symptoms. It’s caused by damage to the artery that runs from the thoracic outlet into the arm, and is usually found in someone who was born with an extra rib. Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome, while rare, is the most serious form of TOS.Effort thrombosis is often associated with frequent and repetitive arm motions, especially among people who play sports. One variant of venous TOS is a condition called effort thrombosis, also known as Paget-Schroetter syndrome, which occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins in an arm muscle. Venous thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by damage or obstruction of major veins that lead to the arms.These nerves are responsible for movement and feeling in the arms and hands. It’s caused when a bundle of nerves called the brachial plexus is compressed or irritated. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is the most common kind of TOS.Each type affects one of the three different structures - nerves, veins or arteries - found within the thoracic outlet: ![]()
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